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Literally hundreds of thousands of users of 2D computer-aided
design (CAD) tools are in the difficult process of transitioning to
3D CAD tools. A common problem for these users is
disorientation in the abstract virtual 3D environments that occur
while developing new 3D scenes. To help address this problem,
we present a novel in-scene 3D widget called the ViewCube as a
3D orientation indicator and controller. The ViewCube is a cubeshaped
widget placed in a corner of the window. When acting as
an orientation indicator, the ViewCube turns to reflect the current
view direction as the user re-orients the scene using other tools.
When used as an orientation controller, the ViewCube can be
dragged, or the faces, edges, or corners can be clicked on, to
easily orient the scene to the corresponding view. We conducted a
formal experiment to measure the performance of the ViewCube
comparing: (1) ArcBall-style dragging using the ViewCube for
manual view switching, (2) clicking on face/edge/corner elements
of the ViewCube for automated view switching and (3) clicking
on a dedicated row of buttons for automated view switching. The
results indicate that users prefer and are almost twice as fast at
using the ViewCube with dragging compared to clicking
techniques, independent of a number of ViewCube
representations that we examined.
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